![]() The singular form is embraced for most other contexts. 5Ī variety of other blog entries, podcasts, and articles on grammar and usage echo these sentiments essentially, the plural construction of data is still widely used in scientific communication. 4 The Chicago Manual of Style, 17th edition, also acknowledges both approaches, but similar to those mentioned above, points out that in the sciences and other formal contexts, the term data is usually plural. The AP Stylebook echoes the dual approaches: data as singular for lay audiences and plural for scientific and academic writing. 3 I note with slight amusement the last sentence of the dictionary’s usage guide: “The plural construction is more common in print, evidently because the house style of several publishers mandates it.” In checking with Merriam-Webster’s dictionary regarding the term data, the ambivalence in usage is pronounced: both singular and plural constructions are considered standard. The same is true for those who follow APA style, which also recommends observing the distinction between singular and plural forms. So if you follow AMA style, data would indeed be considered a plural in most contexts, with the caveat above. The same applies when referring to big data as a term for extremely large, often unstructured data sets that can be mined for business or social uses. ![]() 1 Ok makes sense: “The data are what they are.”īut wait, there is a footnote on that page:Įxception: when referring to social media, news media, or the media, use a singular verb. The Plurals chapter (chapter 9) in the AMA Manual of Style, 11th edition, notes: “A few nouns are usually used in the plural form however, the distinction between plural and singular should be retained where appropriate” and gives the following examples: data/datum, criteria/criterion, media/medium, and phenomena/phenomenon. So which is it? Well, reference sources themselves vary in their recommendations. The other is a more contemporary-language approach, recognizing that modern English speakers would rarely if ever use the word datum in common parlance, and perhaps not even in formal scientific writing. ![]() One is more of a “purist” approach, treating these words as the plural nouns they are in Latin (singular forms would be datum and bacterium). There are generally 2 approaches when it comes to words such as data and bacteria, common terms that are of Latin origin and appear often in scientific documents. Right? Wait, should it be “Follow-up data from a large sample were…” instead? Is the word data a singular or plural noun? Yes. ![]() Virgin Islands, and Pacific Island territories, the vertical datum is typically referenced to local mean sea level.You’re editing a document when you come across this sentence: “Follow-up data from a large sample was used to estimate the incidence of carcinoma.” Sounds good. Vertical Datum: Typically the North American Vertical Datum of 1988 (NAVD88), although the National Geodetic Vertical Datum of 1929 (NGVD29) and local reference datums are used in some areas outside of the conterminous United States. For Hawaii, Puerto Rico, U.S. Horizontal Datum: The North American Datum of 1983 (NAD83) The coordinate system and projection information for ALL DEMs are in each DEM file header GIS software should detect them automatically.Original Product Resolution (OPR) DEMs – projection varies.1-meter DEMs are in Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM).5-meter DEMs (Alaska only) are Alaska Albers Equal Area.They are all in geographic coordinates (latitude/longitude). 1/3-, 1-, and 2-arc-second (also the discontinued 1/9-arc-second) DEMs are not projected.Projection: 3DEP DEMS have different projections/coordinate systems depending on the product:
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